cause of death

So often that we hear celebrity and other important person pass away and most time usually and sudden and after and after a so called autopsy the cause is Combined drug intoxication (CDI), also known as multiple drug intake (MDI) or lethal polydrug/polypharmacy intoxication, is an unnatural cause of human death. It is distinct in that it is due to the simultaneous use of multiple drugs seem to be happen more frequent with ordinary people but the way these celebrity died like the death of Michael Jackson led to the Trial of Conrad Murray to which he was sentenced to four years in California prison and Whitney husten which some claim wanted out of the illuminati or that some died around the age of 27 or passed away on the twenty fifth Now let look at cdi what it is about how the state is focusing on wrong drug like cocaine marijuana while ignoring over the counter drug which many life have been lost .a suvay sail American are more on drug than any other country in the world and at the end I will give u a list of famous who have passed away. CDI can occur with numerous drug combinations, including mixtures of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, legally or illegally obtained prescription drugs, herbal mixtures, and home remedies. Ingestion of alcoholic beverages, in combination with other drugs, increases the risk of CDI.[citation needed] The CDI/MDI phenomenon seems to be becoming more common in recent years. In December 2007, according to Dr. John Mendelson, a pharmacologist at the California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, deaths by combined drug intoxication were relatively "rare" ("one in several million"), though they appeared then to be "on the rise".[2] In July 2008, the Associated Press and CNN reported on a medical study showing that over two decades, from 1983 to 2004, such deaths have soared.[3] It has also become a prevalent risk for older patient People who engage in polypharmacy and other hypochondriac behaviors are at an elevated risk of death from CDI. Elderly people are at the highest risk of CDI, due to having many age-related health problems requiring many medications combined with age-impaired judgment, leading to confusion in taking medications.[3][4] Recent veterans back from war and suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in combat are at risk of dying from CDI/MDI.[citation needed] Nine Veteran PTSD patients died from CDI/MDI in America in 2007.[citation needed] There are anecdotal reports of veterans dying from combinations of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and tranquilizers used in combination with OTC medicines like diphenhydramine.[citation needed] While still a U.S. senator from Illinois, United States President Barack Obama asked the U.S. Congress to inquire about the safety of these drugs.[citation needed] There is an ongoing investigation of the matter.[5] [edit]Prevention In general, the simultaneous use of multiple drugs should be carefully monitored by a qualified individual such as board certified and licensed medical doctor, either an M.D. or D.O.. Close association between prescribing physicians and pharmacies, along with the computerization of prescriptions and patients' medical histories, aim to avoid the occurrence of dangerous drug interactions. Lists of contraindications for a drug are usually provided with it, either in monographs, package inserts (accompanying prescribed medications), or in warning labels (for over-the-counter (OTC) drugs). CDI/MDI might also be avoided by physicians requiring their patients to return any unused prescriptions. Patients should ask their doctors and pharmacists if there are any interactions between the drugs they are taking. Paracetamol deaths On June 30, 2009 an FDA advisory panel recommended that Vicodin and another painkiller, Percocet, be removed from the market because they have allegedly caused over 400 deaths a year. The problem is with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose and liver damage. These two drugs, in combination with other drugs like Nyquil and Theraflu, can cause death by multiple drug intake and/or drug overdose. Another solution would be to not include paracetamol with Vicodin or Percocet. Celebrity deaths due to CDI (or MDI) Many celebrities have died from CDI/MDI, including: Singer Whitney Houston from drinking Alcohol beverages, Xanax, Benadryl, Cocaine,and Flexeril. Writer/actor/comedian Freddy Soto from fentanyl, alprazolam and alcohol; Pro westling manager Elizabeth Ann Hulette aka Miss Elizabeth from alcohol, temazepam, oxycodone, hydrocodone and anabolic steroids; Child actress Anissa Jones from cocaine, PCP, methaqualone and secobarbital; Pro wrestler Louie Spicolli from carisoprodol, alcohol, painkillers and lorazepam; Hawthorne Heights guitarist Casey Calvert from citalopram, clonazepam and hydrocodone;[2][6] Actor Nick Adams from paraldehyde and promazine; Guitarist Jimi Hendrix from alcohol and barbiturates; Singer Elvis Presley had over 10 drugs in his system[citation needed] when he died. (The license of his physician, Dr. George C. Nichopoulos was later suspended and then revoked after press reports from then-ABC News reporter Geraldo Rivera on 20/20.); Lester Bangs from diazepam and propoxyphene; Deep Purple's Tommy Bolin from alcohol and prescription drugs and illegal drugs in combination; David Anthony Kennedy, son of Senator Robert Francis Kennedy, from cocaine, pethidine and thioridazine; Singer Johnny O'Keefe from combining several prescription drugs; Steve Clark of rock group Def Leppard from combining antidepressants, tranquilizers and alcohol; Actor Lani O'Grady of Eight is Enough from hydrocodone and fluoxetine; Bridgette Andersen from alcohol and multiple drugs; Edie Sedgwick from barbiturates and alcohol; Dana Plato from carisoprodol and hydrocodone; Actor/comedian Eric Douglas from alcohol, hydrocodone and temazepam; Actor Heath Ledger from toxic combination of prescribed drugs; Michael Jackson from the IV anesthetic propofol and other sedatives; Brittany Murphy from multiple prescription drugs; The Rev of Avenged Sevenfold from oxycodone, oxymorphone, diazepam, nordiazepam and alcohol. Slipknot bassist Paul Gray from morphine and fentanyl New York Rangers forward Derek Boogaard from oxycodone and alcohol. [7] Rodney King from alcohol, and cocaine. [edit]Anna Nicole Smith and Daniel Wayne Smith Main article: Anna Nicole Smith Further information: Anna Nicole Smith#Death and funeral In February 2007, five months after her son Daniel Wayne Smith was found dead from CDI with methadone, sertraline, and escitalopram in his system,[8] Anna Nicole Smith also died from CDI/MDI, an autopsy detecting 11 drugs in her bloodstream. Deaths of Daniel Smith and Anna Nicole Smith were declared as an accidental drug overdose. [9][10] Heath Ledger Main article: Heath Ledger Further information: Heath Ledger#Autopsy and toxicological analysis Australian actor Heath Ledger was found dead on January 22, 2008, in his SoHo, New York City, apartment; the toxicology report concluded that the cause of death was "acute intoxication" resulting from "the combined effects of oxycodone, hydrocodone, diazepam, temazepam, alprazolam, and doxylamine" and "that the manner of [his] death" was "accident, resulting from the abuse of prescription medications or combine drug intoxication(CDI)."[3][11][12] Speedball deaths Some controversially think speedball deaths are MDI/CDI when they might simply be drug overdose, which is a related but, different phenomenon. The following list is for speedball CDI/MDI deaths only. Victims must be using cocaine and heroin in combination or amphetamine with demerol. An upper and a downer combination can be called speedball death. Layne Staley of Alice in Chains from cocaine and heroin. Baseball athlete Ken Caminiti from cocaine and opioid painkillers; Actor Trevor Goddard from cocaine, heroin and temazepam; Actor/comedian John Belushi from cocaine and heroin 'speedball' Stand up comedian Mitch Hedberg, also from 'speedball'; Actor River Phoenix from heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine; Elisa Bridges from heroin, methamphetamine, pethidine and alprazolam; Zac Foley of EMF from multiple illegal drugs; John Kahn, a Jerry Garcia collaborator and member of the Jerry Garcia Band, from heroin, cocaine and fluoxetine; Singer Janis Joplin from heroin and alcohol. The Heroin was not properly mixed for use and was too potent. Actor/comedian Chris Farley from cocaine and heroin 'speedball' CDI-related legal cases Karen Ann Quinlan Main article: Karen Ann Quinlan The Right to Die case of then-comatose Karen Ann Quinlan (March 29, 1954 - June 11, 1985) made legal history in 1975 and 1976, stimulating public scrutiny of ethical and moral implications of her case. In 1975, after drinking gin and tonics at a party and then taking Diazepam, Quinlan collapsed, suffered respiratory failure and irreversible brain damage, and, after being taken to the hospital, lapsed into a persistent vegetative state. After she had been kept alive on a ventilator for several months without improvement, her parents requested that the hospital discontinue such active care and allow her to die. The hospital refused, and the subsequent legal battles made newspaper headlines and set significant precedents. After the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled in her parents' favor, Quinlan spent nine more years comatose in the hospital, before dying from pneumonia in 1985. This table show the death of famous people from 1950 to 1999 who have died from drug over dose most of them are not suspicious but whatever the reason famous people celebrity seen to have drug problem and if u want to get rid of the drug over dose seem to be the best way to do so. Katy French 1983–2007 Model, socialite Brain damage most likely caused by cocaine use. [153][154] Sigmund Freud 1856–1939 Neurologist Physician assisted morphine overdose. Euthanasia. [155] Gary Frisch 1969–2007 Website founder Jumped from a balcony while under the influence of ketamine. Officially ruled as misadventure. [156][157][158] [edit]G Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Marie-France Gaite, akaGribouille 1941-1968 Singer "A lethal combination of medication and alcohol." [159] Danny Gans 1956–2009 Impressionist, entertainer. Prescription hydromorphone use combined with pre-existing heart condition. Accidental. [160] Paul Gardiner 1958–1984 Musician (Tubeway Army) Heroin overdose. [161] Judy Garland 1922–1969 Singer and actress Secobarbital overdose.[162] Her death certificate states the overdose was "accidental"[163]however there is speculation it was intentional.[164] Lowell George 1945–1979 Musician (Little Feat) Unspecified drug overdose. Accidental. [165] Talitha Getty 1940–1971 Actress Heroin overdose. [166] Iolanda Christina Gigliotti, akaDalida 1933–1987 Singer Barbiturate overdose. Suicide. [167][168] Harold Gimblett 1914–1978 Cricketer Overdose of unspecified pills. [169] Trevor Goddard 1962–2003 Actor Overdose of heroin, cocaine, valium and vicodin. Accidental. [170] Greg Giraldo 1965–2010 Comedian Overdose of prescription medication. Accidental. [171] Dwayne Goettel 1964–1995 Musician (Skinny Puppy) Heroin overdose. [172] Adam Goldstein, aka DJ AM 1973–2009 Disc Jockey Overdose of cocaine/levamisole, oxycodone, hydrocodone, lorazepam, clonazepam, alprazolam and diphenhydramine. Accidental. [173] Paul Gray 1972–2010 Musician (Slipknot) Morphine and fentanyl overdose. Accidental. [174] Lucy Grealy 1963–2002 Poet Heroin overdose. [175] Eddie Guerrero 1967–2005 Professional wrestler "Heart disease, complicated by an enlarged heart resulting from a history of anabolic steroid use." [176] [edit]H Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Clinton Haines 1976–1997 Computer hacker Heroin overdose. Accidental. [177][178] Kenneth Halliwell 1926–1967 Actor Pentobarbital overdose. Suicide. [179] Patrick Hamilton 1904-1962 Writer Cirrhosis of the liver following years of alcoholism. [180] William Hamilton 1805–1865 Physicist, astronomer, mathematician "A severe attack of gout precipitated by excessive drinking..." [181] Edward A. Hannegan 1807–1857 Senator Morphine overdose. [182] Tony Hancock 1924–1968 Actor Lethal mixture of amphetamines and liquor. Suicide. [183] James Harden-Hickey 1854–1898 Author, adventurer Morphine overdose. Suicide. [184] Bobby Hatfield 1940–2003 Musician (The Righteous Brothers) Cocaine-induced heart attack. [185] Malcolm Hardee 1950–2005 Comedian Drowned after he fell into the water whilst drunk. [186] Tim Hardin 1941–1980 Musician Heroin overdose. [187] Brynn Hartman 1958–1998 Wife and murderer of comedian Phil Hartman Self-inflicted gunshot wound to her head under the influence of cocaine, alcohol and Zoloft. [188] Domino Harvey 1969–2005 Bounty hunter Fentanyl overdose. [189] Rodney Harvey 1967–1998 Actor, model Heroin overdose. [190] Phyllis Haver 1899–1960 Actress Barbiturate overdose. Suspected suicide. [191] James Hayden 1953–1983 Actor Heroin overdose. [192] Paul Hayward 19??–1992 Rugby league player Heroin overdose. [193] Mitch Hedberg 1968–2005 Comedian Cocaine and heroin overdose. [194][195] Tim Hemensley 1972–2003 Musician (GOD) Heroin overdose. [196] Margaux Hemingway 1954–1996 Actress Phenobarbital overdose. Disputed suicide. [197] Jimi Hendrix 1942–1970 Musician Respiratory arrest caused by alcohol and barbiturate overdose and vomit inhalation. [198] Curt Hennig 1958–2003 Professional wrestler Cocaine overdose. [199] James Leo Herlihy 1927–1993 Novelist, actor Overdose of sleeping pills. Suicide. [200][201] Gino Hernandez 1957–1986 Professional wrestler Cocaine overdose. [202] George Hickenlooper 1963–2010 Documentary filmmaker Oxymorphone and alcohol overdose. Accidental. [203] Ureli Hill 1802–1875 Conductor Morphine overdose. Suicide. [204] Virginia Hill 1916–1966 Chicago Outfit courier Sleeping pill overdose. [205] Jane Aiken Hodge 1917–2009 Writer Unspecified drug overdose. Suicide. [206] Abbie Hoffman 1936–1989 Political activist Phenobarbital overdose. Suicide. [207] Billie Holiday 1915–1959 Jazz singer Cirrhosis of the liver caused by alcoholism. [208] Michael Holiday 1924 - 1963 Singer Unspecified drug overdose. Suicide. [209] John Curtis Holder, Jr., akaJackie Curtis 1947–1985 Actor Heroin overdose. [210] Gary Holton 1952–1985 Actor and musician Heroin overdose. [211] James Honeyman-Scott 1956–1982 Musician (the Pretenders) Cocaine-induced heart attack. [212] Shannon Hoon 1967–1995 Musician, singer (Blind Melon) Cocaine overdose. [213] Sebastian Horsley 1962–2010 Artist Heroin and cocaine overdose. [214] Whitney Houston 1963–2012 Singer and actress Accidental drowning, due to atherosclerotic heart disease and cocaine use. Toxicology reports showed the acute presence of cocaine indicating use prior to death, as well as sub-/therapeutic levels of marijuana, Benadryl, Flexeril, and Xanax. [215] Lisa Howard 1930–1965 Reporter Phenobarbital overdose. Officially listed as suicide but speculated as murder. [216] Howard Hughes 1905–1976 Aviator, engineer, industrialist, movie producer Liver failure. Physician administered an overdose of codeine at "the highest clinical level ever recorded" at the time. [217] Gertrude Hullett 1906–1956 Patient of Dr. John Bodkin Adams Twice the fatal dose of sodium barbitone was found in her blood. [218] Elizabeth Hulette, aka Miss Elizabeth 1960–2003 Professional wrestling manager Acute toxicity. Autopsy revealed pain killers, nausea medication and tranquilizers were found in her blood, along with an alcohol level of 0.29. [219] Harold Hunter 1974–2006 Professional skateboarder, actor Cocaine-induced heart attack. [220] Michael Hutchence 1960–1997 Musician, singer (INXS), actor Self-induced asphyxiation while under the influence of alcohol, cocaine, Prozac and other prescription drugs. [221] Phyllis Hyman 1949–1995 Singer Pentobarbital and secobarbital overdose. Suicide. [222] [edit]I Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Nicholas Anthony Iacona, Jr., aka Joey Stefano 1968–1994 Pornographic actor Cocaine, morphine, heroin and ketamine overdose. [223][224] Andy Irons 1978–2010 Surfer Cardiac arrest. His autopsy lists secondary cause of death as "acute mixed drug ingestion." Traces of cocaine, methamphetamine, alprazolam and methadone were found in his system. [225] Bruce Edwards Ivins 1946–2008 Microbiologist Tylenol overdose. [226] [edit]J Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Jennifer Lyn Jackson 1969–2010 Playboy Playmate Heroin overdose. [227] Michael Jackson 1958–2009 Pop singer Cardiac arrest. Personal physician administered lethal dose of propofol along with lorazepam,diazepam and midazolam. [228] Peter Jackson 1964–1997 Rugby league player Heroin overdose. [229] Joyce Jameson 1932–1987 Actress Overdose of unspecified pills. Suicide. [230] Steven Ronald Jensen 1959–2005 Musician (The Vandals) Unspecified prescription drug overdose. [231] Anissa Jones 1958–1976 Actress Overdose of barbiturates, cocaine, quaaludes, and PCP. Accidental. [232] Brian Jones 1942–1969 Musician (The Rolling Stones). Drowning under the influence of alcohol and drugs. [233] Chloe Jones 1975–2005 Pornographic actress Prescription drug overdose. Accidental. [234] Rob Jones, aka The Bass Thing 1964–1993 Musician (The Wonder Stuff). Sources report contradictory information which include: heart problems,[235] heart attack potentially caused by heroin,[236] or simply "drug-related causes".[237] Russell Jones, aka Ol' Dirty Bastard. 1968–2004 Rapper Overdose of cocaine and tramadol. Accidental. [238] Janis Joplin 1943–1970 Musician Heroin overdose. [239] [edit]K Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Frida Kahlo 1907-1954 Artist Official cause of death listed as pulmonary embolism though modern biographers largely accept that she actually died of an unspecified opiate pain killer overdose. Suicide is disputed. [240] John Kahn 1947–1996 Musician (Jerry Garcia Band) Heroin overdose. [241] Chris Kanyon 1970–2010 Professional wrestler Antidepressants overdose. Suicide. [242][243] Phil Katz 1962–2000 Computer programmer Acute pancreatic bleeding caused by chronic alcoholism [244] David Kennedy 1955–1984 University drop-out Overdose of cocaine, Demerol, and Mellaril. [245] Beverly Kenney 1932–1960 Singer Alcohol and Seconal overdose. Suicide. [246] Bernard Kettlewell 1907–1979 Lepidopterist, medical doctor Unspecified drug overdose. Accidental. [247] David Kelly 1944–2003 Weapons expert Consumed around 30 dextropropoxyphene pills. Disputed suicide. [248] Jack Kerouac 1922–1969 Author Cirrhosis, caused by a lifetime of heavy drinking. [249][250] Dorothy Kilgallen 1913–1965 Journalist Fatal combination of alcohol and barbiturates. Whether it was suicide, accidental or the result of foul play is undetermined. [251] Richard Charles Knellar, akaDickie Pride 1941–1969 Singer Sleeping pill overdose. [252] Thomas Kinkade 1958–2012 Painter Acute ethanol and diazepam intoxication. [253] Arthur Koestler 1905–1983 Author Sleeping pill overdose. Suicide. [254] John Kordic 1965–1992 Hockey player Unspecified drug overdose. [255] [edit]L Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Deborah Laake 1953–2000 Writer Overdose of unspecified pills. Suicide. [256][257] Alan Ladd 1913–1964 Actor Overdose of alcohol and three unspecified drugs. Accidental. [258] Josiah Lamborn 1809–1847 Attorney General Delirium tremens. [259] Carole Landis 1919–1948 Actress Seconal overdose. Suicide. [260] Michael Larsen aka Eyedea 1981–2010 Rapper Unspecified opiate toxicity. Ruled accidental. [261] Heath Ledger 1979–2008 Actor Combined drug intoxication of oxycodone, hydrocodone, alprazolam, diazepam, temazepam and doxylamine. Accidental. [262] Bruce Lee 1940–1973 Actor, martial artist Acute cerebral edema due to a reaction to compounds present in the prescription pain killing drug Equagesic. [263] Gerald Levert 1966–2006 Singer Acute intoxication of Percocet, Vicodin, Darvocet, Xanax and two antihistamines. Accidental. [264] Frank X. Leyendecker 1877–1924 Illustrator Highly suspected morphine overdose. Suicide. [265] Debbie Linden 1961–1997 Model, actress Heroin overdose. [266] Max Linder 1883–1925 Actor Linder and his wife both drank Veronal, injected morphine and cut open the veins in their arms. [267] Eugene Lipscomb 1931–1963 American football player Heroin overdose. [268] Eugenia Livanos 1927–1970 Wife of Stavros Niarchos Barbiturate overdose. [269] Kevin Lloyd 1949-1988 Actor Lloyd was three times over the legal blood alcohol limit for driving when he chocked on his own vomit. [270] Mike Lockwood, aka Crash Holly 1971–2003 Professional wrestler Carisprodol and alcohol intoxication. Suicide. [271] Philip Loeb 1891–1955 Actor Sleeping pill overdose. Suicide. [272] Trinity Loren, aka Roxanne McPherson 1964–1998 Pornographic actress Prescription painkillers overdose. In a possible suicide. [273] Malcolm Lowry 1909-1957 Poet and novelist Alcohol and barbiturates. Most likely suicide. [274] Zoe Tamerlis Lund 1962–1999 Model, actress Cocaine-induced heart attack. [275][276] Donyale Luna 1945–1979 Supermodel, actress Unspecified drug overdose. Accidental. [277] Frankie Lymon 1942–1968 Singer Heroin overdose. [278] Phil Lynott 1949–1986 Musician (Thin Lizzy) Conflicting sources report various causes of death, including: heart and liver failure,[279] heart failure and pneumonia after a drug overdose,[280] and blood poisoning from heroin addiction.[281] [edit]M Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Billy Mackenzie 1957–1997 Musician (the Associates) Overdose of amitriptyline, paracetamol and other prescription drugs. Suicide. [282] Chris Mainwaring 1965–2007 Australian football player Cocaine overdose. Accidental. [283][284] Bibek Maitra 19??–2006 Politician Unspecified drug overdose. [285] Jesse Mahelona 1983–2009 American football player Motor-vehicle collision. Malehona was under the influence of alcohol. [286] Thomas Manby 1769-1834 British naval officer Opium overdose [287] Vickie Lynn Marshall, akaAnna Nicole Smith 1967–2007 Playboy playmate, actress Lethal combination of chloral hydrate and various benzodiazepines. [288] Adrienne Nicole Martin 1983–2010 Model, girlfriend of August Busch IV Oxycodone overdose. Accidental. [289] Andrew Martin, aka Test 1975–2009 Professional wrestler Oxycodone overdose. Accidental. [290] Thalia Massie 1911–1963 Wife Barbiturate overdose. [291] Lisa Matsumoto 1964–2007 Children's author Motor-vehicle collision. Matsumoto's blood alcohol level was .242, more than 3 times the legal limit. [292] Billy Mays 1958–2009 Salesperson Heart disease with cocaine use being a "contributory cause". [293][294] Joseph McCarthy 1908–1957 Senator Hepatitis exacerbated by alcoholism. [295] [296] [297] David McComb 1962-1999 Musician (The Triffids) Heroin overdose. [298] Jimmy McCulloch 1953–1979 Musician (Wings) Heroin overdose. [299] Marie McDonald 1923–1965 Actress Unspecified drug overdose. [300] Robbie McIntosh 1950–1974 Musician (Average White Band) Heroin overdose. [301] Stephen McKeag 1970–2000 Ulster Defence Associationmember Cocaine and pain killer overdose. [302] Marguerite McNamara 1928–1978 Actress Sleeping pill overdose. Suicide. [303] Lance McNaught a.k.a Lance Cade 1981-2010 Professional Wrestler Intoxication from mixed drugs complicated a cardiomyopathy. Accidental. [304] Aimee Semple McPherson 1890–1944 Evangelist Shock and respiratory failure due to overdose of prescription barbiturates. [305] Jonathan Melvoin 1961–1996 Keyboardist Heroin overdose. [306] Robin Milford 1903-1959 Composer Aspirin overdose. Suicide. [307] Mary Millington 1945–1979 Model, pornographic actress Paracetamol overdose. Suicide. [308] Keith Moon 1946–1978 Musician (the Who) Overdose on anti-seizure medication prescribed for alcoholism. Accidental. [309] Odas Moon 1892–1937 Pilot Reportedly "drank himself to death". [310] Kenneth Moore a.k.a. Big Moe 1974–2004 Rapper Heart attack with Purple Drank as a contributing factor [311] Chester Morris 1901–1970 Actor Barbiturate overdose. [312] Jim Morrison 1943–1971 Musician (The Doors) Official cause of death is recorded as heart failure,[313] though Sam Bernett claims that Morrison died in Bernett's club, with heroin overdose as the suspected cause.[313] Norma Mortenson, aka Marilyn Monroe 1926–1962 Actress Barbiturate overdose. Officially listed as "probable suicide" though several conspiracy theories exist. [314] James Mossman 1926-1971 Journalist. Former MI6 agent. Sleeping pill overdose. Suicide. [315] Louis Mucciolo, Jr., aka Louie Spicolli 1971–1998 Professional wrestler Conflicting sources indicate drug overdose[316] while some indicate coronary disease that might have been impacted by drug use.[317] Billy Murcia 1951–1972 Musician (New York Dolls) Contradicting sources report the death as alcohol-related,[318] or drowning[319] after a drug overdose[320] or as a drug overdose.[321] Brittany Murphy 1977–2009 Actress "[C]ombination of pneumonia, an iron deficiency and 'multiple drug intoxication.'" [322] Brent Mydland 1952–1990 Musician (the Grateful Dead) Cocaine and morphine overdose. [323] [edit]N Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Henry Nasiff Jr, aka Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf 1962–2001 Entertainer Advanced alcoholism and a seizure disorder, complicated by a genetic condition. [324] Yves Navarre 1940–1994 Writer Barbiturate overdose. Suicide. [325] Filip Nikolic 1974–2009 Singer Heart attack induced by sleeping pills. [326] Bradley Nowell 1968–1996 Musician (Sublime) Heroin overdose. [327] [edit]O Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Hugh O'Connor 1962–1995 Actor Suicide under influence of cocaine. [328] Lani O'Grady 1954–2001 Actress Multiple drug intoxication. Vicodin and Prozac were found in her bloodstream [329] Johnny O'Keefe 1935–1978 Singer Conflicting sources indicate drug overdose,[330][331] or simply heart attack.[332][333] Pascale Ogier 1958–1984 Actress Unspecified drug overdose. [334] Athina Onassis 1929-1974 Heiress and Socialite Acute Barbiturate Overdose. Debated if whether it was homicide or accidental. [335] Christina Onassis 1950-1988 Heiress and CEO Pulmonary Edema onset by years of prescription drug misuse. Primarily Dexedrine, diet pills and barbiturates. [336] Alice Ormsby-Gore 1952–1995 Socialite Heroin overdose. [337] John Patrick Oswald aka Jani Lane 1964–2011 Singer-songwriter (Warrant) Alcohol poisoning. [338] Bryan Ottoson 1978–2005 Musician (American Head Charge) Prescription-drug overdose. Accidental. [65][339] [edit]P Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Leila Pahlavi 1970-2001 Princess and fashion model Secobarbital overdose. Found to have five times the lethal amount in her system. Traces of a nonlethal amount of cocaine was also found in the bloodstream. Suicide or accidental death though is debated. [340] Haley Paige 1981–2007 Pornographic actress Methadone overdose. Possibly suicide. [341] Marco Pantani 1970–2004 Cyclist Cerebral and pulmonary edema potentially brought on by "tranquillisers, antidepressants and sedatives ... against a background of prolonged cocaine abuse". [342] Robert Pastorelli 1954–2004 Actor Heroin overdose. [343] Gram Parsons 1946–1973 Musician (the Byrds) Morphine overdose. [344] Cesare Pavese 1908–1950 Poet, novelist Consumed "twelve sachets of sleeping drugs". [345] Chris Penn 1965–2006 Actor Enlarged heart through drug use and a high level of codeine. [346] Christopher Pettiet 1976–2000 Actor Unspecified drug overdose. Accidental. [347] Kristen Pfaff 1967–1994 Musician (Hole) Heroin overdose. [348] Esther Phillips 1935–1984 Musician, singer Liver and kidney failure due to long-term drug use. [349] River Phoenix 1970–1993 Actor Heroin and cocaine overdose. [350] Rob Pilatus 1965–1998 Musician (Milli Vanilli) Prescription drug and alcohol overdose. [351] Jesse Pintado 1969–2006 Musician Liver failure caused by diabetes and alcoholism. [352] Sylvia Plath 1932-1963 Authoress and poet Suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning. Plath was reportedly suffering the adverse effects of an unspecified MAOI antidepressant at the time of her death. [353] Dana Plato 1964–1999 Actress Vanadom and Lortab overdose. Suicide. [354][355] Edgar Allan Poe 1809-1849 Poet Cause of death disputed though largely attributed to a combination of laudanum abuse,dipsomania and delerium tremens. [356] Darrell Porter 1952–2002 Major League Baseball catcher Cocaine overdose. [357] Elvis Presley 1935–1977 Singer Cardiac arrhythmia. Autopsy founds in his system "significant" levels of ethinamate, methaqualone, codeine and different barbiturates, including amobarbital, pentobarbital, and phenobarbital. [358][359] Gary Primich 1958–2007 Singer "Acute heroin intoxication." [360] Freddie Prinze 1954–1977 Actor Self-inflicted gunshot wound while under the influence of methaqualone and alcohol. Initially ruled suicide but later determined accidental. [361] Promachus ???–324 BCE Soldier Alcohol poisoning. [362] [edit]Q Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Robert Quine 1942–2004 Guitarist Heroin overdose. Suicide. [363] Glenn Quinn 1970–2002 Actor Unspecified drug overdose. Accidental. [364] [edit]R Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Jay Reatard 1980–2010 Musician Cocaine toxicity, with alcohol as a contributing factor. [365] Noel Redding 1945–2003 Musician Shock haemorrhage due to oesophageal varices in reaction to cirrhosis of the liver,with alcohol as a contributing factor. [366] Michael Reeves 1943–1969 Film director Alcohol and barbiturate overdose. [367] Wallace Reid 1891–1923 Actor Prescription morphine overdose. [368] Elis Regina 1945–1982 Singer Cocaine alcohol, and temazepam overdose. Accidental. [369] Willy Rey 1949–1973 Model Barbiturate overdose. [370] John Simon Ritchie, aka Sid Vicious 1957–1979 Musician (Sex Pistols) Heroin overdose. Suicide. [371] Elisabeth Rivers-Bulkeley 1924–2006 Stock-broker Barbiturate overdose. Euthanasia. [372] Brad Renfro 1982–2008 Actor Heroin and morphine overdose. [373] Rachel Roberts 1927–1980 Actress Barbiturate overdose. Suicide. [374] Don Rogers 1962–1986 American football player Cocaine-induced heart attack. [375] Steve Rogers 1954–2006 Rugby league player Lethal combination of anti-depressants and alcohol. Accidental. [376] Monica Rose 1948–1994 TV show hostess Antidepressants and tranquillisers overdose. Suicide. [377][378] Edgar Rosenberg 1925-1987 Film and television producer Overdosage of prescription drugs. Suicide. [379] Alma Rubens 1897–1931 Actress Illness caused by heroin and cocaine addiction. [380] Zdenka Rubinstein 1911–1961 Croatian operatic tenor Sleeping pill overdose. Suicide. [381] David Ruffin 1941–1991 Musician (the Temptations) Cocaine overdose. [382] Gail Russell 1924–1961 Actress Alcoholism. [383] Sherri Russell, aka Sherri Martel 1958–2007 Professional wrestler Overdose of multiple, including high amounts of oxycodone. Accidental. [384] [edit]S Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference George Sanders 1906–1972 Actor Nembutal overdose. Suicide. [385] John Saunders 1954–1999 Musician (Mad Season) Heroin overdose. [386] Catya Sassoon 1968–2002 Model, actress Hydromorphone and cocaine overdose. [387] Sonja Savić 1961–2008 Actress Unspecified drug overdose. [388] Sybille Schmitz 1909–1955 Actress Sleeping pill overdose. Suicide. [389] Donald Sinclair 1911-1995 Veterinary surgeon Barbiturate overdose. Suicide. [390] Bon Scott 1946–1980 Musician (AC/DC) Official cause of death listed as "acute alcohol poisoning". [391] Ronnie Scott 1927–1996 Jazz tenor saxophonist Prescription barbiturate overdose. Accidental. [392] Pat Screen 1943–1994 American football player Unspecified drug overdose. [393] Rod Scurry 1956–1992 Major League Baseball pitcher Cocaine-induced heart attack. [394] Jean Seberg 1938–1979 Actress Barbiturate and alcohol overdose. Suicide. [395] Chantal Sébire 1955–2008 Teacher Pentobarbital overdose. Euthanasia. [396] Edie Sedgwick 1943–1971 Actress Barbiturate and alcohol overdose. Undetermined. [397] Bobby Sheehan 1968–1999 Musician (Blues Traveler) Unspecified drug overdose. [398] Eric Show 1956–1994 Baseball player Cocaine and heroin overdose. [399] Elizabeth Siddal 1829–1862 Model, poet, artist Laudanum overdose. [400] Judee Sill 1944–1979 Musician Cocaine and heroin overdose. [401] Don Simpson 1943–1996 Film producer Cocaine-induced heart attack. Twenty other drugs were found in his blood. [402] Tom Simpson 1937–1967 Cyclist Dehydration and exhaustion while cycling exacerbated by amphetamines and alcohol use. [403] Hillel Slovak 1962–1988 Musician (Red Hot Chili Peppers) Heroin overdose. [404] Alvim Smith 1798–1823 Carpenter's assistant Mercury(I) chloride overdose. Officially administered to cure bilious colic; speculated murder. [405] Daniel Smith 1986–2006 Student, Anna Nicole Smith's son Cardiac dysrhythmia caused by combination of methadone, Lexapro and Zoloft. [406] Corey Smoot aka. Flattus Maximus 1977–2011 Guitarist Coronary artery thrombosis related to cocaine and opiate use. [407] Dash Snow 1981–2009 Artist Heroin overdose. [408] Robert Soblen 1900–1962 Psychiatrist Barbiturate overdose. [409] Socrates 469 BC – 399 BC Philosopher Hemlock poisoning. Executed. [410] Erin Spanevello 1987–2008 Fashion model Overdose of MDMA and GHB. [411][412] Layne Staley 1967–2002 Musician (Alice in Chains) Cocaine, heroin and codeine overdose. [413] Mike Starr 1966–2011 Musician (Alice in Chains) Suspected drug overdose. [414] Miroslava Stern 1926–1955 Actress Overdose of sleeping pills. Suicide. [415] Inger Stevens 1934–1970 Actress Barbiturate overdose. Suicide. [416] Bradley Stewart, aka Gidget Gein 1969–2008 Musician (Marilyn Manson) Heroin overdose. [417] Rory Storm 1939–1972 Musician Alcohol and sleeping pill overdose. [418] Margaret Sullavan 1909–1960 Actress Barbiturate overdose. Suicide. [419] James Owen Sullivan, aka The Rev 1981–2009 Musician (Avenged Sevenfold) "[A]cute polydrug intoxication due to combined effects of oxycodone, oxymorphone, diazepam, nordiazepam and ethanol." [420] Royce Surdam 1835–1891 Real-estate agent Laudanum overdose. Accidental. [421] Jennifer Syme 1972–2001 Actress Crashed her car while under the influence of cocaine, clonazepam and cyclobenzaprine. [422][423] [edit]T Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Warren Tartaglia, aka Walid al-Taha 1944–1965 Jazz musician Heroin overdose. [424] Chase Tatum 1973–2008 Former professional wrestler Apparent drug overdose following years of addiction to painkillers. [425] Vinnie Taylor 1949–1974 Musician (Sha Na Na) Unspecified drug overdose. [426] Sara Teasdale 1884–1933 Poet Sleeping pill overdose. Suicide. [427] Gary Thain 1948–1975 Musician (Uriah Heep) Respiratory failure due to a heroin overdose. [428] Ada Thompson, aka Vivien Merchant 1929–1982 Actress Alcoholism. The coroner stated Merchant "drank herself to death." [429] John Thompson 1938–1976 Poet Overdose of barbiturates and alcohol. [430] Jotie T'Hooft 1956–1977 Poet Unspecified drug overdose. [431] Johnny Thunders 1952–1991 Musician (the New York Dolls) Conflicting sources report heroin overdose[432] or methadone and cocaine poisoning[433] or that the autopsy did not disclose a cause of death.[434] Georg Trakl 1887–1914 Poet Cocaine overdose. Suicide. [435] Chögyam Trungpa 1939–1987 Buddhist meditation master Cardiac arrest exacerbated by heavy alcohol use. [436] Amy Tryon 1970–2012 Equestrian Oxycodone, diphenhydramine, alprazolam, lorazepam, diazepam and temazepam overdose. Accidental. [437] Alan Turing 1912-1954 Computer Scientist and mathematician Cyanide poisoning. Disputed suicide. [438] D. M. Turner 1962–1996 Author Drowned in a bathtub while under the influence of ketamine. [439] Ike Turner 1931–2007 Musician, producer Cocaine overdose with high blood pressure and emphysema as contributing factors. [440] Dick Twardzik 1931–1955 Jazz pianist Heroin overdose. [441][442] Helen Twelvetrees 1908–1958 Actor Unspecified drug overdose. Suicide. [443] John Tyndall 1820–1893 Physicist Overdose of Chloryl hydrate. Accidental. [444] [edit]U Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Dorothy Uhnak 1930–2006 Author Unspecified drug overdose. Suicide. [445] Stu Ungar 1953–1998 Professional poker player Heart condition caused by long-term cocaine abuse. [446] Enrique Urquijo 1960–1999 Singer Unspecified drug overdose. [447] [edit]V Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Paul Vaessen 1961–2001 Former professional footballer Unspecified drug overdose. [448] Brandon Vedas 1981–2003 Computer expert Multiple drug overdose, including "alcohol, cannabis, psilocybin mushroom, clonazepam, temazepam, methadone, hydrocodone and propanolol". [449][450] Lupe Vélez 1908–1944 Actress Secobarbital overdose. Suicide. [451] Michael VerMeulen 1956–1995 Magazine editor Cocaine overdose. [452] Jeffrey James Vickers, aka Jon Vincent 1962–2000 Pornographic actor Heroin overdose. [453] [edit]W Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Marie Walcamp 1894–1936 Actress Pain killer overdose. Suicide. [454] Robert Walker 1918–1951 Actor Reaction to a sedative administered by his doctor. [455] Stephen Ward 1912-1963 Osteopathic physician Sleeping pill overdose. Officially suicide. Speculated murder. [456] Dinah Washington 1924–1963 Singer Secobarbital and amobarbital overdose. [457] Dave Waymer 1958–1993 American football player Cocaine-induced heart attack. [458][459] George Webley aka Big George 1957–2011 Broadcaster Heart attack after mephedrone use. [460] Mikey Welsh 1971–2011 Musician with the groupWeezer Suspected drug overdose [461] Daniel Webster 1782–1852 Statesman Cerebral hemorrhage, caused by a blow to the head and complicated by alcohol-induced cirrhosis of the liver. [462] Assia Wevill 1927-1969 Poetess, Mistress Suicide by acute carbon monoxide poisoning combined with an overdosage of hypnotics. She also sedated and murdered her four year old daughter in this process. [463] Willie Wilde 1852–1899 Journalist "Complications related to his alcoholism." [464] Ellen Wilkinson 1891–1947 Politician Barbiturate overdose. [465] Gertrude Elizabeth Wilkerson, aka Luna Vachon 1962–2010 Professional wrestler Overdose of oxycodone and benzodiazepine. Accidental. [466] Hank Williams, aka Hank Williams, Sr. 1923–1953 Singer and writer Overdose of morphine and alcohol. Accidental. [467] Kenneth Williams 1926–1988 Actor, author Barbiturate overdose. It was not possible to establish whether his death was suicide or accidental. [468][469] Alan Wilson 1943–1970 Musician (Canned Heat) Unspecified drug overdose. Possibly suicide. [470] Amy Winehouse 1983–2011 Singer-Songwriter Alcohol poisoning. [471] Sheree Winton 1935–1976 Singer-songwriter Alcohol poisoning. [472] Rachel Whitear 1979–2000 Student Heroin overdose. Accidental. [473] Brett Whiteley 1939–1992 Artist Heroin overdose. [474] Grant Withers 1905–1959 Actor Sleeping pill overdose. Suicide. [475] Keith Whitley 1954–1989 Singer Alcohol poisoning. [476] Frances Wollstonecraft, akaFanny Imlay 1794–1816 Wife Laudanum overdose. Suicide. [477] Linda Wong 1951–1987 Pornographic actress Overdose of Xanax, chloral hydrate, and alcohol. [478] Andrew Wood 1966–1990 Singer (Mother Love Bone) Heroin overdose. [479] Anna Wood 1980–1995 Student Water intoxication secondary to use of MDMA. [480][481] [edit]Y Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Paula Yates 1959–2000 TV presenter, author Heroin overdose. Accidental. [482] Kelly Yeomans 1984–1997 Student Unspecified drug overdose. Suicide. [483] [edit]Z Name Life Profession Cause of death Reference Stefan Zweig 1881–1942 Playwright Sleeping pill overdose. Suicide. [484]